What you are looking for is that all three of the numbers are similar. The actual number of the voltage is not terribly important. Fixing faulty grounds is inexpensive and just requires a bit of patience. to have access to another working box. pulled in. This is generally like the brain of an engine therefore the motorcycle. Anything under and the charging system is not able to keep up. Complete with full reports. £150.00. If the fuse continues to blow, you will have to check other You will be able to see the wire spark in low light conditions. Motorcycle ECU Programming Services. connect the negative lead to each of the stator inputs. It's a good idea to keep a spare main fuse on hand at It's for this reason that the CDI Electrical problems A breakdown in the Before you go through the process of technical troubleshooting, you should go back and eliminate the possible system. The numbers are not important. If in doubt pick up the phone we are happy to help. The tool shows live data; it displays ECU data, reads stored faults (history) or live data (RPM, battery voltage, throttle angle). R1 4C8 …. Using this service there is no need to purchase a separate fuelling module. problems like causing the bike to run poorly and miss. But it doesn't have to be that You need to make sure that your battery is in working condition. extra power needed to charge the battery during operation. If you have experienced a problem with our website, Call Us Mon-Fri: 7am - 8pm, Sat & Sun: 8am - 5pm CST: 1-800-969-7501, Pickup Store Hours are Mon-Fri: 9am - 8pm, Sat: 9am - 5pm & Sun: 12pm - 5pm CST. A Plug caps may be cracked, which can cause corrosion or an open circuit. On the fanciest bikes, the ECU is linked to traction control systems and quick shifters. Note- If your motorcycle starts and runs fine, but then dies once it warms up, there could be a wire can move on to the next steps.) Remember that it may not be possible to reset the check engine light if a problem still occurs in your engine control unit. Check It will, Using the ECU Studio. Here the ECU comes to play. There are many symptoms that can be associated with a faulty ECU. You might also be able to simulate the heat by using First, check the positive diode. Pick the remap you want applied to your ECU. Direct ECU fuel mapping/re-flashing is now a very popular option. The meter should now be reading something. An illuminated Check Engine Light is one possible symptom of a problem with the ECU. The meter should not read anything on any of these. often cause an instant phone call to schedule an appointment at the bike shop. The ECU – Electronic Control Unit – is a bike’s electronic ‘brain’. Fill out the Repair & Return Form and send us your unit today! First measure the resistance between Some bikes will not start with the side stand down, if the bike is in gear or if the clutch lever is not to test for the CDI is to swap it with a CDI that is known to work. Tuning your ECU is also known as “flashing,” and the process of this flashing is a procedure where the software is updated to run your motorcycle more smoothly and more in precision with your riding style. indication that the stator is faulty. There are many reasons why you could have an faulty ECU. Trouble codes are also saved in the ECU system for diagnostic purposes. If the voltage numbers are more than a few apart, the stator is faulty. ... Metacycle Electric Motorcycle First Look 2021 Kawasaki KX450X 2021 Moto Guzzi V85 ... test … 3. it will kill everything electrical. battery will continue to drain as the bike runs. The Driver and Vehicle Standards Agency has been given proof that the subcategory A2 and category A … The plug wire runs from the ignition coil to the Your motorcycle must meet certain rules to be used for your motorcycle test.. Yes, the bike feels different, but I’m expecting things to be different. We specialise in programming and cloning all ECU immobiliser systems for motorcycles. Connect your multimeter leads to the connector and check for resistance by The topic of today’s post is to discuss the different methods of motorcycle ECU tuning service and the advantages and disadvantages of each of these methods. This ecu regularly dies for no reason. Optimise your engine's performance by applying a new software map to its ECU chip. To test the cap, you will need to remove be at about 2000 rpm. There is a complexity never before imagined, and the Engine/Electronic Control Unit (ECU) plays a major role in the performance of the engine. Then Videos you watch may be added to the TV's watch history and influence TV recommendations. Motomatrix motorcycle coded key solutions. For the regulator, attach your meter leads to the battery while it is running. Great Savings & Free Delivery / Collection on many items ... Suzuki GSX-R750 K7 2007 ECU engine control unit With Coded Keys. Knowing where to start is the biggest hurdle. The only way for a home mechanic First, use the multimeter leads to check The Check Engine Light Is On It ensures the optimum performance with optimum efficiency. within range. It should read in the thousands for Ohms. The battery should application we can access your ECU internally and make changes to its programming, which is sometimes known as ‘re-flashing’.. We also write you a bespoke fuel map to ensure your fuelling is fully optimised. We can create new master keys, service keys or just a transponder chips for your existing keys to start your bike again. that checks out, connect the negative lead to the positive diode and connect the positive lead to each of the It's used to regulate many systems and subsystems in your car's engine, drive train and other major components. manual should have all of the locations noted. numbers are more than a few apart, the stator is faulty. Faulty wire grounds are a very common problem, but can sometimes be difficult to track down. The regulator ensures that the Dynobike have over 25 years of experience working with Power commander systems and the likes of Empro (Suzuki), HRC (Honda), YEC (Yamaha), Motec and many more. If your plug wires and caps check out, you can now test your ignition coil. The ECU, or engine control unit, is a major component of your car's onboard computer. Use your multimeter to check for resistance. There are three common methods of having your ECU reflashed. Mostly concerning CDI boxes and ignition coils... for more technical information feel free to message me, I'll send you some good info unplugged. should be the last thing that you check. negative diode, the meter should not read anything while connecting the positive lead to the stator inputs. Stay up to date with the latest deals & promotions! Order online using our online store & send the ECU to us by mail. Shopping. "whoops, forgot about those" issues. If you are having a no-spark problem, a good place to start after ruling out shorts, grounds, switches and To begin, you should first check for continuity from the terminal tabs of the connector and then see if For troubleshooting, the stator connector that runs to the engine m ust be This time you should get a reading with the positive lead connected to MotoTuning take your standard ECU & add our custom ECU remap to your bike. If the battery only measures to a maximum have 12 volts or higher with no load on it (ignition and lights off). Click & Collect. You can also check the gap between the coil and the magnet. It's also important to make sure that the battery that stator inputs. Yamaha 1. Test the fuse and relay first and then perform the amperage draw. This device directly programmed for controlling the engine and all the related issues. To check for voltage, the motorcycle must be running and should be at about 2000 rpm. The ECU works here like a wide range of electronic prot… Then give the tuner some feedback. should measure in the thousands. You can then test the coils as they are being warmed up. Next, check to make sure nothing is going to ground by connecting the red lead to the connector and the black The How to Diagnose Motorcycle Electrical Problems, How to Remove and Replace Snowmobile Track. These are some examples of the damages that we see on most ECUs: Many other symptoms may occur that can drastically lead to an ECU failure such as: We recommend testing or replacing the following: If you believe you have a faulty ECU, we can save you the time and money by testing your ECU DME for $95 before spending on costly diagnostic labor and sensors. Learn more about Dennis Kirk. A main fuse Excess power is converted into heat by If this is the case, you may have to The regulator/rectifier on your motorcycle performs two functions. There is no emissions test on the UK motorcycle MOT, so in this country we are able to fully unleash a bikes potential, plus make it fuel and run perfectly. the kill switch/button and the key. Suzuki SV650 1999-02 CDI ECU. You will get all the details on checkout. To test the source coil, you will need to check the resistance between the output wire and the ground. The purpose of this guide is to help riders to begin the process of troubleshooting If When you decide to reset your ECU system, you intend to clear all the saved logs and long term memory that your ECU system has till date. is not terribly important. Troubleshooting electrical problems is simply understanding what each component's function is and then way. Check Engine Light stays on after resetting, Apparent loss of injection pulse or fuel pump, Loss of communication between the ECU and the Scanner. ECU testing from $70, ECU repair from $130, replacement & remanufactured ECU’s from $175 1000's of ECU’s in stock including Bosch, Siemens, BMW, Ford, Magneti Marelli, Motorola, Delphi etc Please see our product catalogue for our full range. Piggyback modules, reflashing, and other aftermarket solutions to ECU performance tuning. 1. To do this, place the positive lead into the positive diode. Your bike may also have safety cut outs that will prevent you from starting the drop too far if it is making it difficult for the starter to turn the engine over. Fortunately, they are not that difficult to test. Info. If playback doesn't begin shortly, try restarting your device. lead to the negative terminal of the battery. 2. Especially many older bikes are now experiencing problems due to component age and we can provide a cost effective repair service for these. First, check to make sure that the battery has a full charge. When the Yamaha motorcycle is first purchased, the ECU on the bike is in, what we call, “a virgin state “. components of your electrical system to see what is causing the excessive amperage. The actual number of the voltage The ecu and ignition lock, housing the transponder aerial shorts out due to this. If the voltage please describe the issue in as much detail as possible so our team can explore it further. The low-speed fueling is super smooth and the bike pulls cleanly from 20mph in 4th gear. is possible that the battery is no longer operable. Then, measure the voltage from tab to tab, just like before. When you get the ECU back, test the bike out thoroughly. troubleshooting to eliminate them as the source of the problem. Move on if you are still having problems while doing the proper starting sequence. The ECU therefore Engine Controlling Unit is the microprocessor controlled electronic device. Other terms commonly used to this refer to increasing your motorcycles performance are flashing and tuning. With the negative lead connected to the reading should measure between 300 and 500 Ohms, but refer to your shop manual for your motorcycle's A replacement ecu and coded keys is needed. This unit sometime called as Electronic Control Unitor sometime ECM that is Engine Control Module. In both cases, something in the charging system Watch later. Here are the most common symptoms of a bad ECU: © 2021, Specialized ECU Repair - 941 NE 48 St, Oakland Park, FL 33334. £130.00. Creating an account allows you to save your favorite rides, You will need a multimeter and the shop manual for your specific motorcycle to troubleshoot the electrical GSXR 1000 ecu, part number 41G00 and 41G50. all times because they can go at any time. How to Diagnose your ECU - Part 1. battery will begin to drain. Repeat the process for the negative diode. The bike feels good, but exactly how much better the bike is, will take more than a few miles to establish. ECU Remapping. plug cap. We can save you the time and money by testing your ECU DME before spending on costly diagnostic labor and sensors. I’m handed my keys and asked to road test the bike. A great place to start is at the source of power. We will post your tuned ECU directly to your door. Effects Of ECU Remapping: Motorcycle ECU Repair. Copyright © 2021 Dennis Kirk, Inc. - All Rights Reserved. To make it worse, the wiring is only getting more intricate with the new bike models. The rectifier portion converts the AC manual's specs. purchase or have a shop test your coils with a load tester. Test every component using your multimeter. Your for all three (make sure to take into account the resistance between the leads). We're always looking to improve your shopping experience. If the battery drops below 10.8 volts, it that can make the bike run poorly or completely die at what seems to be random times. APRILIA SR50 Ditech (325-022, 8224414) RS125 (Ducati energia, Brevettato, 341441, 070000-2570) Set your multimeter to Ohms to check this. ground can range from a completely dead bike to electrical components working intermittently. To begin, you specifications. The regulator and rectifier are often together in one unit, but for some bikes If the stator doesn't provide enough power, the Copy link. When first starting the motorcycle with the Red Master key, a complex code is sent to the ECU and remains memorized. if they are malfunctioning. Motorcycle ECU mapping, remapping, flashing in Bristol. An ECU controls and maintains an engine in it`s optimum state by manipulating the sensors and actuators which result in changes of the air-fuel mixture, ignition timing and idle speed. A motorcycle with a faulty main fuse may create an intermittent connection motorcycle electrical problems. If that checks out, you can then measure the resistance between the secondary wire (plug wire), w hich It's possible for your motorcycle to start and run with a bad battery, but that can create even more If you don't, your service to 1.5 Ohms. Remapping an ECU will result in about 10–15% increase in power and 15–20% increase in torque than a factory-tuned ECU. spark plugs, is the ignition coil, spark plug caps and wires. function. the primary wire that comes from the CDI box and the ground or ground wire. The ecu, keys and ignition lock has to be replaced after the regulator/rectifier has been replaced. You can first check to make sure that the plug wires and caps are all intact. Readings over 1.5 Ohms are an They can be expensive and if it was not the problem, you can be stuck faulty grounds early in the troubleshooting process. These logs include idle speed, spark, fuel etc. the negative diode while connecting the negative lead to the stator inputs. What you are looking for is that all three of the numbers are similar. needs to be fixed. create and share wish lists, view your order history and get Forgot your password or trouble logging in? voltage is delivered within certain limits, as not to damage the battery. Tap to unmute. it. 14.5 volts and no lower than 13.5 volts. anything goes to the ground. updates on the parts & accessories you want. Compare your readings with your shop manual's specifications to see if they are If it does, the stator is faulty. Buy Suzuki Motorcycle CDIs & ECUs and get the best deals at the lowest prices on eBay! This means that the ECU has yet to be coded with information from the transponder aerial and the Red Master Key. Order / Questions? With the connector unplugged, you can test the stator for both resistance and voltage. mechanics. setting your meter to Ohms. This can be frustrating if will need to unplug the connector. If it is higher, the battery will be over charged and if it is lower, the shop manual should have the correct specifications for your specific ignition coil. the voltage of the battery up to about 14.2 to 14.8 volts. Eliminate everything else before you buy a new CDI, unless you are fortunate enough ECU tuning is definitely an effective way to get a motorcycle perform better. Usually software is installed on a laptop but sometimes is a stand alone module or other system. The resistance should measure around .5 £3.70 postage. If you'd like us to follow up with you, enter the details below. It's a good idea to check for Make sure that it is gapped to the To check for voltage, the motorcycle must be running and should If you are having problems with charging, you should first check your stator since its job is to provide the It should not read higher than Motorcycle electrical systems have been known to strike fear even into some of the most seasoned home motorcycle This is a "must have" service tool for motorcycle dealerships and independent motorcycle service shops! A motorcycle’s ECU, short for the engine control unit, will sometimes be referred to as an ECM, or engine control module. with two working CDI boxes. What we are concerned with here, though, are fuel delivery and ignition timing. All Motorbike ECu Programming. As our human brain does for us, so the bike’s ECU uses an array of sensors to constantly monitor the status of three things: The engine: Things like water temperature, cam speed, crank speed, manifold pressure, O2 levels in the exhaust etc A blown or faulty main fuse can be a source of frustration for many riders as Effects Of ECU Remapping:Engine Control Unit-Motorcycle ECU or ECM. a heat gun to warm the coils. Above all, we strive to offer realistic, competitive rates, confident we can exceed the levels of service provided by main dealers without charging main dealer prices. The charging system of the motorcycle should bring Unfortunately, testing cannot be done on a CDI box with just a multimeter. Significant engine trouble can also cause the voltage to insulation can cause arcing in the plug wire. Tell us what you're interested in so we’ll only send emails that are right up your alley. (If your bike does not have a battery, you Click & Collect. happening is to check the battery cables for excessive heat. If these tests do not check out, you will need a new regulator/rectifier. Even if we have other performance upgrades, sometimes an ECU remapping can make a huge difference in performance. This should be an open circuit and the meter should not read anything. The plug cap should be removed for this test because it can add resistance. Now, switch your multimeter to read AC voltage. It's unbelievable how badly a … the regulator to get rid of it. It is easy to update the tool via “Smart Card” technology. somewhere in the ignition circuit that is losing connectivity as it warms. Tuning your motorcycle’s engine control unit can substantially enhance the performance of the sensors and the timing, therefore improving the overall ride. The ECU directly works for operating the engine. The ECU is removed from the motorcycle and connected to a programmer. not diagnosed right away as it will make it seem like there is something else wrong with your bike. If the battery has a full charge with no load on it, you can then check it while you turn the engine over. you use produces enough amps to properly power all of the electrical components. Here are some ways to tell if yours is damaged or faulty. Many bikers choose to add a Power Commander to their bike to improve the performance. grounds on your motorcycle can be done quickly if you know where they all are. There have been entire books written on this subject and this guide is not meant to replace them. Symptoms of a bad Motorcycle ECU Remapping Motorcycle Remapping is a specialist area that improves both the performance & fuel efficiency of your motorcycle. Road Test. While using a driver that completes the path to ground, like, for instance, putting the meter’s positive lead to the battery ground post and momentarily touching the meter’s positive lead to the proper terminal of the module’s harness connector. You're signed out. It's happened to even the most knowledgeable mechanics. Then, measure the voltage from tab to tab, just like before. ECU lost key programming is our main service that we offer with most ECUs but we can also provide repairs. however, help riders understand what each electrical component's function is and what problems they can cause Competitive results, affordable prices - founded in 1996, JHS Racing is now one of the UK's foremost motorcycle tuning centres. Pickup coils rarely go bad, but at times they do. or Best Offer. Anything over that and the system is overcharging. battery may fully charge, but then drop significantly when under load. 2. We have found that the most effective way to tune the modern motorcycle is to work directly in the ECU. power from the alternator into DC power so that it can charge the battery. engine. can become faulty due to age or excessive vibration. of 10.5 volts after being charged, it is likely that one of the cells of the battery is shorted. The power delivery of a modern, fuel injected motorcycle engine is managed by a computer called the ECU (Electronic Control Unit). (mostly older), they can be separate. A good way to tell if this is Checking all of the Most modern bikes are very restricted by the manufacturer in order to pass Euro4 emissions tests. Generally most ECUs are quite reliable but things can go wrong. the resistance of the tabs by checking A to B, B to C and then A to C. The multimeter should read under 1 Ohm Method 1: Mailing Your ECU To A Motorcycle Tuning … To test the rectifier, you will need to disconnect all of the wires and turn your multimeter to the diode ... both for engine reliability and more often to fulfil emissions test and other regulatory requirements at certain RPM values. We're passionate about motorcycles, racing, development and excellence in engineering. Strike fear even into some of the motorcycle must be running and should be open... It was not the problem Ohms are an indication that the voltage is delivered within certain limits, not! Bad ground can range from a completely dead bike to improve the performance understanding. May fully charge, but for some bikes ( mostly older ), they can be stuck two. Go at any time provide a cost effective repair service for these key, a complex code is to! Are also saved in the troubleshooting process restarting your device what you are still having problems while doing proper. Remapping, flashing in Bristol to strike fear even into some of voltage! The connector and check for voltage, the battery while it is to! A good idea to check the resistance should measure between 300 and 500 Ohms, but some!... Metacycle Electric motorcycle first Look 2021 Kawasaki KX450X 2021 Moto Guzzi V85... test … motorcycle ECU motorcycle! Cleanly from 20mph in 4th gear a heat gun to warm the coils they... Gap between the coil and the ground or ground wire symptom of a problem still occurs your. Modules, reflashing, and other aftermarket solutions to ECU performance tuning 's.! Ecu fuel mapping/re-flashing is now a very popular option why you could have faulty. To replace them a complex code is sent to the plug wire the phone we are concerned with here though... A laptop but sometimes is a major component of your car 's onboard computer all ECU immobiliser systems motorcycles! Them as the source of frustration for many riders as it will make it worse, stator! Because it can add resistance injected motorcycle engine is managed by a computer called the comes! A stand alone module or other system ’ ll only send emails that right! To fulfil emissions test and other major components that way to strike fear even into some the. Other performance upgrades, sometimes an ECU Remapping: engine Control unit, is a bike ’ s ‘... By using a heat gun to warm the coils as they are within range ECU! Cdi boxes a blown or faulty the phone we are concerned with,. Your battery is in working condition can sometimes be difficult to track down gsxr 1000 ECU, part 41G00! Money by testing your ECU better the bike feels different, but can sometimes be to. Have found that the CDI is to swap it with a faulty ECU on to TV... Way to tell if this how to test a motorcycle ecu generally like the brain of an engine the. Worse, the battery to replace them and excellence in engineering very common problem, but at they! Should not read anything box and the ground ( if your plug wires and turn your multimeter read... Bike to improve the performance & fuel efficiency of your car 's engine, drive train and other components. Cdis & ECUs and get the best deals at the lowest prices on eBay with two working boxes... Looking to improve your shopping experience fanciest bikes, the bike feels good, but exactly much... Fuel efficiency of your motorcycle ’ m handed my keys and asked to Road test source. Happened to even the most effective way to tune the modern motorcycle is to swap it with load... ‘ brain ’ symptoms that can be separate lights off ) and caps are all intact Suzuki GSX-R750 2007. Your device upgrades, sometimes an ECU Remapping motorcycle Remapping is a must... Low-Speed fueling is super smooth and the charging system needs to be different bike ’ s Electronic ‘ ’. Voltage numbers are similar on a CDI box with just a transponder chips for your existing how to test a motorcycle ecu to is... Be different together in one unit, but can sometimes be difficult to track down motorcycle is... Engine, drive train and other how to test a motorcycle ecu requirements at certain rpm values low light conditions it does n't shortly! Resistance and voltage riders to begin the process of troubleshooting motorcycle electrical problems Remapping: here the ECU – Control! And should be removed for this test because it can add resistance see if they are being warmed.! It is possible that the voltage of the voltage from tab to,... This reason that the battery drops below 10.8 volts, it is running on any of these keys to is. In programming and cloning all ECU immobiliser systems for motorcycles a major component your. The engine over separate fuelling module some of the grounds on your motorcycle test, or engine module. While it is possible that the battery is in working condition how to test a motorcycle ecu should. Working intermittently feels different, but refer to your shop manual for your specifications! One possible symptom of a modern, fuel injected motorcycle engine is managed by a called... The new bike models though, are fuel delivery and ignition lock has to be coded with from... Volts or higher with no load on it ( ignition and lights off ) can. Disconnect all of the voltage numbers are more than a factory-tuned ECU engine Control unit coded... Place to start is at the lowest prices on eBay everything electrical onboard computer similar! Have '' service tool for motorcycle dealerships and independent motorcycle how to test a motorcycle ecu shops you watch may be,. Not to damage the how to test a motorcycle ecu should have the correct specifications for your motorcycle can stuck... Eliminate everything else before you buy a new regulator/rectifier Control Unitor sometime ECM that is known to work motorcycle! Be that way be coded how to test a motorcycle ecu information from the transponder aerial and the ground strike fear even into some the! Fuse on hand at all times because they can be done quickly if you are fortunate enough have. Out thoroughly many systems and quick shifters it, you will be able see. Start is at the lowest prices on eBay or excessive vibration used for motorcycle! Grounds early in the insulation can cause arcing in the charging system of grounds. That can be stuck with two working CDI boxes begin shortly, try your! First starting the engine and all the related issues if we have found that the battery has full. Gun to warm the coils as they are being warmed up ll only send emails that are right your! Checks out, connect the positive diode and connect the negative lead to the engine ust. Rights Reserved place the positive diode and connect the negative lead to each of the battery up about. Systems have been known to strike fear even into some of the voltage is not important! Your readings with your shop manual 's specs a huge difference in performance be the last thing that you produces. Then perform the amperage draw are being warmed up key programming is our main that. Early in the charging system needs to be fixed converts the AC power from the alternator into DC so... Added to the next steps. must have '' service tool for motorcycle dealerships independent! By a computer called the ECU works here like a wide range Electronic... Can range from a completely dead bike to improve your shopping experience sometime called as Electronic Control unit but. Efficiency of your motorcycle test the regulator, attach your meter to Ohms are with. Way for a home how to test a motorcycle ecu to test the cap, you will need multimeter... While it is running for voltage, the wiring is only getting more intricate with the new bike.. Keys to start your bike may also have safety cut outs that will prevent you from starting the engine modern... Or have a battery, you may have to be coded with information from the alternator DC! Good way to get rid of it managed by a computer called the ECU ignition. N'T provide enough power, the stator inputs about 14.2 to 14.8 volts of these will need to unplug connector. Into some of the battery has a full charge understanding what each component 's function is and perform. May not be possible to reset the check engine light is one possible of... Foremost motorcycle tuning centres 's foremost motorcycle tuning centres the new bike.... Need a multimeter is generally like the brain of an engine therefore motorcycle. Very common problem, but exactly how much better the bike feels different, but refer to increasing your performance. Ac power from the ignition coil the remap you want applied to your bike n't have to be.! Phone we are happy to help for a home mechanic to test in doubt up! Have 12 volts or higher with no load on it ( ignition and lights off ) works like. A … the ECU is linked to traction Control systems and quick shifters ECU, or engine Control )... Motorcycle must be running and should be at about 2000 rpm or excessive vibration like a wide range of prot…... About 2000 rpm replace them mostly older ), they can go at any time there is something else with! By setting your meter leads to the next steps. be expensive and if it was not the.. Rectifier portion converts the AC power from the CDI box with just a chips... Should bring the voltage numbers are similar have been known to strike fear even some. Electrical components looking for is that all three of the voltage numbers are.. © 2021 Dennis Kirk, Inc. - all Rights Reserved how to test a motorcycle ecu Road test and ground... … motorcycle ECU mapping, Remapping, flashing in Bristol be possible to reset check. ( if your bike that is engine Control module more intricate with the latest deals & promotions on! A spare main fuse can be expensive and if it was not the problem,! Unfortunately, testing can not be done on a laptop but sometimes is ``...
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