Recent cogeneration technology plants are being designed to produce from 200 to over 300 kWh of electricity per tonne of bagasse. Food crops such as rice, wheat, and corn are also grown as cash crops to meet the global food demand. Both forms of molasses are used in baking. Due to inaccessibility of sugarcane fields in 3–4 months after planting crop monitoring technologies can provide a grower with a solution to analyze a crop development throughout the season. Use of new variety of seeds led to a spectacular increase in crop production in India in the 1960s. There is a short season between Kharif season and Rabi season in March to July. The crops that grow in this season are Zaid crops. [60][61] As sugarcane is a seasonal crop, shortly after harvest the supply of bagasse would peak, requiring power generation plants to strategically manage the storage of bagasse. Zaid crops are grown mainly in the summer season during a period called the “Zayad crop season.” Zaid crops require warm dry weather for major growth period and longer day length for flowering. Sugarcane is not a plantation crop. Sugar cane takes almost a year to grow. In 2010 it was estimated that over 23.8 million hectares of sugarcanes were cultivated in over 90 countries around the world, with a worldwide harvest of 1.69 billion tonnes. Which country is the largest producer of sugarcane. After harvest, the crop produces sugar juice and bagasse, the fibrous dry matter. Sugarcane is a Kharif crop and like the other Kharif crops they are associated with the rainy season. Sucrose (table sugar), extracted from sugarcane in specialized mill factories, is either used as raw material in the food industry or fermented to produce ethanol. [50] It is not currently a commercial crop, but a few growers find ready sales for their product. Few other products derived from sugarcane include falernum, molasses, rum, ethanol, etc. This is equivalent to 0.86 W per square meter. 4. [24][25] The people were subject to indenture, a long-established form of contract which bound them to forced labour for a fixed term; apart from the fixed term of servitude, this resembled slavery. Rice Crops-Tropical and temperate regions-20c to 30c-Major producers: Punjab and Haryana ... -Sugar is made from sugarcane juice-Juice is further processed to make products like molasses, Jaggery(gud), ethanol, industrial alcohol. Secondly, how is sugarcane cultivated? It was also spread westward and northward by around 3,000 BP to China and India by Austronesian traders, where it further hybridized with Saccharum sinense and Saccharum barberi. between Rabi and Kharif season - March to June These are Summer Crops, or also called as Zaid Crops Example - Cucumber, Watermelon, Bitter gourd (Karela) To Summarize Questions NCERT Question 2 - Match items in column A with those in column B The cane beetle (also known as cane grub) can substantially reduce crop yield by eating roots; it can be controlled with imidacloprid (Confidor) or chlorpyrifos (Lorsban). Bone char or coal-based activated carbon is traditionally used in this role. It is a tropical as well as a subtropical crop. Other important pests are the larvae of some butterfly/moth species, including the turnip moth, the sugarcane borer (Diatraea saccharalis), the African sugarcane borer (Eldana saccharina), the Mexican rice borer (Eoreuma loftini), the African armyworm (Spodoptera exempta), leaf-cutting ants, termites, spittlebugs (especially Mahanarva fimbriolata and Deois flavopicta), and the beetle Migdolus fryanus. In 2012, the Food and Agriculture Organization estimated it was cultivated on about 26 million hectares (64 million acres), in more than 90 countries. What are the names of Santa's 12 reindeers? (a) West Bengal and Bihar (b) Jammu and Kashmir (c) Punjab and Haryana (d) Tamil Nadu and Kerala (c) Punjab and Haryana 10. Sugarcane originated in Asia, probably in New Guinea. Since the lower heating value of sucrose is 16.5 MJ/kg, and that of the bagasse is 19.2 MJ/kg, the total heating value of a ton of b&c is 4.7 GJ of which 2.2 GJ come from the sucrose and 2.5 from the bagasse. [41] Unlike legumes and other nitrogen-fixing plants that form root nodules in the soil in association with bacteria, G. diazotrophicus lives within the intercellular spaces of the sugarcane's stem. Assuming an average insolation of 225 W per square meter, the photosynthetic efficiency of sugar cane is 0.38%. Shifting cultivation is a type of subsistence farming where a plot of land is cultivated for a few years until the crop yield declines due to soil exhaustion and the effects of pests and weeds. [5] Merchants began to trade in sugar, which was considered a luxurious and expensive spice, from India. The present area of sugarcane (Saccarum officinarum) is about 13 million ha with a total commercial world production of about 1254.8 million ton/year cane or 55 million ton/year sucrose. Rice is a subsistence crop in Orissa. Thus, the solar energy-to-ethanol conversion efficiency is 0.13%. A crop is a plant or plant product that can be grown and harvested for profit or subsistence. In most countries where sugarcane is cultivated, there are several foods and popular dishes derived directly from it, such as: Many parts of the sugarcane are commonly used as animal feeds where the plants are cultivated. [8] This term was introduced by Sephardic Jews in the 17th century in the French West Indies (Guadeloupe and Martinique), who spoke Judeo-Spanish and owned sugar plantations worked by their African slaves which produced sugarcane crop, until they were expelled by king Louis XIV in 1685 as part of the Code Noir. [citation needed]. Sugarcane plantations and Asian ethnic groups continue to thrive in countries such as Fiji, South Africa, Burma, Sri Lanka, Malaysia, Indonesia, Philippines, British Guiana, Jamaica, Trinidad, Martinique, French Guiana, Guadeloupe, Grenada, St. Lucia, St. Vincent, St. Kitts, St. Croix, Suriname, Nevis, and Mauritius. France found its sugarcane islands so valuable that it effectively traded its portion of Canada, famously dubbed "a few acres of snow", to Britain for their return of Guadeloupe, Martinique and St. Lucia at the end of the Seven Years' War. [36] Each cutting must contain at least one bud, and the cuttings are sometimes hand-planted. Dried filtercake is used as an animal feed supplement, fertilizer, and source of sugarcane wax. [27][29], Between 1863 and 1900, traders and plantation owners from the British colony of Queensland (now a state of Australia) brought between 55,000 and 62,500 people from the South Pacific Islands to work on sugarcane plantations. One hectare of sugar cane yields 4,000 litres of ethanol per year (without any additional energy input, because the bagasse produced exceeds the amount needed to distill the final product). March to June Watermelon, sweet potato, musk melon. A sugarcane crop is sensitive to climate, soil type, irrigation, fertilizers, insects, disease control, varieties, and the harvest period. Major Kharif crops of India includes Millets (Bajra & Jowar), Cotton, Soyabean, Sugarcane, Paddy or Rice, Maize, Pulses, Groundnut, Red Chillies, etc. It is one of the most efficient photosynthesizers in the plant kingdom. as a raw material for production of chemicals. Assertion : apple food crop in India is rice and requires less rain. Christopher Columbus first brought sugarcane to the Caribbean during his second voyage to the Americas; initially to the island of Hispaniola (modern day Haiti and the Dominican Republic). production of paper, paperboard products, and reconstituted panelboard. Sugarcane is harvested by hand and mechanically. Ribbon cane is a subtropical type that was once widely grown in the southern United States, as far north as coastal North Carolina. [26] The first ships carrying indentured labourers from India left in 1836. This raw sugar was then shoveled from the cooling trough into hogsheads (wooden barrels), and from there into the curing house. This dry matter is biomass with potential as fuel for energy production. Sugarcane is a perennial crop with seedcane expansion, initial crop planting and succeeding harvests occurring over a period of several years. British owners of sugarcane plantations therefore needed new workers, and they found cheap labour in China and India. ... if proper irrigation facility is available then it can also grow during summer as a Zaid crop. Mechanical harvesting uses a combine, or sugarcane harvester. The second term "cane" began to be used alongside it as the crop was grown on plantations in the Caribbean, this term is ultimately of Hebrew-origin from קנה (KaNeH) meaning "reed" or "stalk". EIA estimates that with an integrated sugar cane to ethanol technology, the well-to-wheels CO2 emissions can be 90% lower than conventional gasoline.[54]. Kharif season begins with first rains of the monsoon season. The crops can be classified as: Food crops- wheat, rice, maize, millets, pulses. Q.8. It grows well in hot and humid climate with a temperature of 21°C to 27°C and an annual rainfall between 75 cm to 100 cm. Boiling houses in the 17th through 19th centuries converted sugarcane juice into raw sugar. The Persians and Greeks encountered the famous "reeds that produce honey without bees" in India between the 6th and 4th centuries BC. As sugar was traded and spread West, this became سُكَّر (sukkar) in Arabic, zúcchero in Italian, zuccarum in Latin and eventually sucre in both Middle French and Middle English. Regarding this, is Sugarcane a Zaid crop? They adopted and then spread sugarcane agriculture. Modern pollution prevention technologies are capable of addressing all of these potential pollutants. Saccharum robustum sends up New stalks, called ratoons yield of cane vegetable ( not animal not! 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